Considerando um sistema físico isolado e em equilíbrio, formado por duas salas de mesmo tamanho ligadas por um corredor, mantidas a temperaturas distintas contendo um gás ideal, assinale a opção correta.

Let's dive into the correct answer and explanation.

The correct answer is B) A sala de temperatura menor tem mais gás.

In this problem, we have a physical system consisting of two rooms of the same size, connected by a corridor, and maintained at different temperatures, with an ideal gas inside. Since the system is isolated and in equilibrium, we can apply the ideal gas law:

[PV = nRT], where [P] is the pressure, [V] is the volume, [n] is the number of moles, [R] is the gas constant, and [T] is the temperature.

Since the rooms are of the same size, the volume [V] is the same for both rooms. The number of moles [n] is directly proportional to the number of gas molecules in each room.

Now, let's analyze the situation: the room with the lower temperature has a lower kinetic energy, which means the gas molecules are moving slower. As a result, they are more densely packed, occupying a smaller volume. This means the number of moles [n] is higher in the room with the lower temperature.

Therefore, option B) A sala de temperatura menor tem mais gás is the correct answer. The room with the lower temperature has more gas molecules, not because the gas expands or contracts, but because the lower temperature leads to a higher density of gas molecules.

This explanation is based on the principles of thermodynamics and the ideal gas law, which describe the behavior of gases under different conditions.