Atenas, uma cidade-estado grega passou por algumas fases dentro de sua política, que começou monárquica, mas com o passar do tempo tornou-se aristocrática. Sob a política aristocrática ateniense é correto afirmar:
I. O governo aristocrático de Atenas era composto por três magistrados, eleitos por três anos, chamados arcontes, dos quais um era o rei, o basileu.
II. A aristocracia ateniense era composta pelos eupátridas que oprimiam os camponeses e monopolizavam o poder político.
III. Sólon e Drácon eram legisladores que propuseram uma reforma na sociedade ateniense: Sólon escreveu as leis que antes eram orais e Drácon implementou as reformas.
IV. As reformas sociais eram baseadas no critério censitário, com a qual a sociedade foi dividida de acordo com a renda anual. Sendo as duas primeiras com renda entre trezentos e quinhentas medidas de trigo, azeite ou vinho; a terceira dos guerreiros; a quarta classe dos camponeses e artesãos que poderiam participar da assembléia popular.
Estão corretas as afirmativas:
- A) I, II, III e IV.
- B) I e III apenas.
- C) II e III apenas.
- D) II e IV apenas.
Resposta:
Let's break down the correct answer: D) II and IV only.
Under the aristocratic politics of Athens, Greece, there were some phases. Initially, it started as a monarchy, but over time, it turned into an aristocracy. Now, let's analyze the statements:
I. The aristocratic government of Athens was composed of three magistrates, elected for three years, called arcontes, one of which was the king, the basileu. This statement is not entirely accurate. Although it is true that Athens had arcontes, they were not exactly magistrates elected for three years, and one of them was not the king.
II. The Athenian aristocracy was composed of the eupatrids who oppressed the peasants and monopolized political power. This statement is correct. The eupatrids were a group of noble families who held significant power and influence in ancient Athens, often at the expense of the common people.
III. Solon and Drakon were legislators who proposed a reform in Athenian society: Solon wrote the laws that were previously oral, and Drakon implemented the reforms. This statement is not entirely accurate. Solon did implement reforms in Athens, but Drakon was a legislator who lived before Solon and was known for his harsh laws.
IV. The social reforms were based on a census criterion, with society divided according to annual income. This statement is correct. Solon's reforms did introduce a system where citizens were classified based on their wealth, with different classes having different levels of political influence.
Therefore, the correct answer is D) II and IV only, as statements II and IV are the only accurate descriptions of the aristocratic politics of ancient Athens.
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