Um dos legados culturais da Antiguidade Clássica para a sociedade contemporânea foi a democracia, e sobre a democracia grega, que teve como representação a cidade de Atenas, é correto afirmar-se que:
- A) dela participava o povo, definido como o conjunto de cidadãos que congregava homens e mulheres livres, com mais de 18 anos, que fossem nascidos em Atenas, o qual era soberano e suas decisões transformadas em leis que deveriam ser cumpridas pelos cidadãos atenienses.
- B) era direta, pois todos os cidadãos, homens adultos, livres, filhos de pais atenienses, maiores de 18 anos e que tivessem prestado o serviço militar, podiam participar da assembleia do povo, a Eclésia, que tomava as decisões relativas aos assuntos políticos, em praça pública.
- C) as leis, após serem votadas na assembleia popular - a Eclésia, eram enviadas ao conselho denominado de Bulé ou Senado para serem aprovadas e só depois eram colocadas em vigor. Nenhum cidadão poderia deixar de obedecê-Ias, sob pena de sofrer punições.
- D) todas decisões, fossem de ordem política, econômica ou social, eram submetidas à discussão dos membros da Hileia ou Tribunal do Povo, que congregava a população masculina da cidade considerada livre, atenienses ou estrangeiros, que, após discutirem e analisarem as questões, apresentavam leis para a Assembleia Popular, a Eclésia, aprovar ou não.
- E) era indireta e dela participavam 500 representantes do povo, escolhidos entre os cidadãos atenienses, sorteados em praça pública, os quais compunham um órgão chamado Bulé, responsável pelas decisões em relação a assuntos políticos que iam desde a decretação de guerras à elaboração de leis.
Resposta:
Understanding Ancient Greek Democracy
The correct answer is B) it was direct, the people participated in the decision-making process. In ancient Athens, the concept of democracy was born, and it was characterized by the direct participation of citizens in the decision-making process. This meant that all male citizens who were over 18 years old, born in Athens, and had completed their military service could participate in the assembly of the people, known as the Ekklesia.
In this assembly, citizens would gather to discuss and vote on laws and decisions related to politics, economics, and social issues. The Ekklesia was the highest authority in the Athenian democracy, and its decisions were binding. This direct form of democracy allowed citizens to have a say in the governance of their city-state, making them feel more connected and invested in the decision-making process.
It's essential to note that this direct democracy was only possible due to the relatively small size of the Athenian population. As the city-state grew, it became more challenging to gather all citizens in one place, leading to the development of a more representative system.
In contrast, the other options are not accurate descriptions of the Athenian democracy. Option A states that the people participated, but it was not defined as the collective of citizens, including women and foreigners. Option C suggests that laws were sent to the Council of Elders, known as the Boule, for approval, which is not entirely accurate. The Boule was responsible for preparing the agenda for the Ekklesia, but it did not have the power to approve or reject laws. Option D implies that all decisions were subject to discussion by the Heliia or the People's Tribunal, which is not correct. The Heliia was a court that dealt with cases related to the violation of laws, but it did not have a role in the decision-making process. Finally, option E suggests that the democracy was indirect, which is the opposite of the Athenian democratic system.
In conclusion, the correct answer is option B) it was direct, as the people participated in the decision-making process through the Ekklesia. This direct democracy was a unique feature of ancient Athens and played a significant role in shaping the city-state's politics, economy, and society.
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