Questões Sobre Falso Cognatos | False Cognates - Inglês - concurso

Questão 11

Text 1:

How being bilingual can boost your career

Whether you’re fresh out of college or a seasoned
executive, insiders agree that fluency in a second language
can not only help you stand out among prospective
employers, it can also open doors to opportunities that
those without foreign language skills might miss. 

In today’s global economy, the ability to communicate in
another language has become a significant advantage in
the workforce. Research has found that people who speak
at least one foreign language have an average annual
household income that’s $10,000 higher than the
household income of those who only speak English. And
about 17 percent of those who speak at least one foreign
language earn more than $100,000 a year. 

A recent survey found that nearly 9 out of 10 headhunters
in Europe, Latin America, and Asia say that being at least
bilingual is critical for success in today’s business
environment. And 66 percent of North American recruiters
agreed that being bilingual will be increasingly important in
the next 10 years. 

“In today’s global economy you really have to understand
the way business is done overseas to maximize your
potential. A second language equips you for that,” says
Alister Wellesley, managing partner of a Connecticut-based
recruiting firm. “If you’re doing business overseas, or with
someone from overseas, you obtain a certain degree of
respect if you’re able to talk in their native language.” 

Language skills can also be key for service industries. At the
Willard InterContinental Washington, a luxury hotel a few
blocks from the White House, a staff of about 570
represents 42 nations, speaking 19 languages. The
Willard’s front-of-house employees such as the concierge
speak at least two languages. Bilingualism is not an
absolute requirement, but it is desirable, according to
Wendi Colby, director of human resources. 

Workers with skills in a second language may have an edge
when it comes to climbing Willard’s professional ladder.
“The individual that spoke more languages would have a
better chance for a managerial role, whatever the next
level would be,” Colby says. “They are able to deal with a
wide array of clients, employees.” 

So which languages can give you a leg up on the job
market? Insiders agree the most popular – and marketable
– languages are Spanish, German, French, Italian, Russian
and Japanese, with a growing emphasis on Mandarin,
given China’s booming economy. So let’s learn Mandarin!

“We see demand from a full range of industries,” says
Wellesley. “Actually it depends on which company you’re
working for and the country in which they’re located.” 

Adapted from: LATHAM-KOENIG, Christina & OXENDEN,
Clive. American English File 5. 2nd edition. Oxford: OUP,
2018. 

Questão 12

Questão 13

Text II

                               Reading Comprehension Instruction

      There are widespread and erroneous perceptions that children must know all of the words before they can
comprehend a text and that they must comprehend it at the literal level before advancing to comprehension at the
inferential level.

      Recognizing some words is clearly necessary and central to reading. It is important for children to acquire a set of
strategies for figuring out the meanings of words and apply these strategies so that words are recognized automatically.
Four groups of strategies exist: (1) common graphophonic patterns (e.g., at in cat, hat, bat), (2) high‐frequency or
common words used in sentences (e.g., the, a, or), (3) word building (e.g., morphemes, as play in plays, played, playing,
playful), and (4) contextual supports gathered through the meanings of sentences, texts, and illustrations. These word
recognition strategies are taught as children are engaged in reading and are considered effective in fluency instruction.

      Vocabulary and reading comprehension growth occurs side by side even for beginning readers. They each require
explicit instruction and lots of reading of stories including repeated readings to teach phonics, to develop sight
vocabulary, and to teach children how to decode words; guided retelling using questions that prompt children to name
the characters, identify the setting (place and time), speak to the problem, tell what happened, and how the story
ended; repeated checking for information; and drawing conclusions. Teaching strategies to children early, explicitly, and
sequentially are three key characteristics of effective vocabulary and reading comprehension instruction.

      For those who are learning English as second or foreign language, take advantage of their first language knowledge
to identify cognate pairs, which are words with similar spellings, pronunciations, and meanings in English. To identify
the degree of overlap between the two languages is a strategy that has been demonstrated to be effective for Spanish‐
literate children: learn the words for basic objects (e.g., dog, cat, house, car) that English‐only children already know;
review and practice passages and stories through read‐alouds in order to accelerate the rate at which words can be
identified and read; and engage in basic reading skills including spelling.

(PHILLIPS, L.M, NORRIS, S. P. & VAVRA, K.L. Reading Comprehension Instruction (pp. 1‐10). Faculty of Education, University of Alberta.  
Posted online on 2007‐11‐20 in: http://www.literacyencyclopedia.ca)

Questão 14

Ainda sobre o texto 1, assinale a alternativa cujas palavras destacadas são, de acordo com o contexto, FALSAS
COGNATAS.

I He said, “you realize that there simply is no other option for you out there.” (4º parágrafo).

II. Younger people are less interested in farming, and look for economic opportunities in other, more appealing
industries. (7º parágrafo)

III. The trend is extreme in sub-Saharan Africa, where 60 percent of the total population is under the age of 25. And
you can find similar figures in other regions. (6º parágrafo)

IV. In his presentation, Mabaya warned against overgeneralizing about the entire African continent. (5º parágrafo)

V. Nevertheless, Mabaya emphasized, there is a lot to be optimistic about. (9º parágrafo)

Estão CORRETAS apenas

Questão 15

Texto IV

I did not realize until just now that you are actually in a lot of pain. I pretend to take you to the
hospital for exams immediately. I promise to assist you in any way possible. I’ll be waiting for you
in the cafeteria. 

All of the words in bold are false cognates. The word that is used INCORRECTLY in the
sentences above is

Questão 16

Julgue o item seguinte no que diz respeito à língua inglesa.

      An overwhelming majority of Irish people wish to remain in the EU, but almost half believe that Brexit will result in a hard border with Northern Ireland, according to a poll published today by the European Movement in Ireland.

                                                          Internet: <www.irishtimes.com>. 

A língua inglesa apresenta palavras muito similares a
palavras da língua portuguesa. Algumas possuem o
mesmo significado e outras podem ser verdadeiras
“pegadinhas” no contexto redacional, causando
problemas na elaboração de um documento ou em um
diálogo mais formal. O substantivo parents, por exemplo,
caracteriza-se como um cognato verdadeiro para o
substantivo parentes.

Questão 17

Read the following article and answer question based on the text.

Faced with the unprecedented stream of migrants fleeing
war and trauma in the Middle East and North Africa, Europe
needs to take clear-sighted action.

        For its part, the UK has agreed to take 20,000 refugees, a
significant portion of whom will likely be children and orphans
according to report. One key aspect in ensuring their smooth settlement
in the UK will be providing these refugees with language training.

       Many Syrians are well-educated and many speak fluent English.
Others, however, do not speak English well enough to function
professionally within the UK. The issue of language is so fundamental
to our lives that we often overlook it. Several multi-million pound
training contracts have failed to be delivered on account of not
addressing the language barrier. All the goodwill, financial backing,
and technical expertise to deliver needed medical, economic, military,engineering, or navigational training may be present; but unless
there is a shared language in which to impart that knowledge, little will
be accomplished.

        One of the biggest misconceptions about language is that if you
“just go to the country,” you’ll pick it up. Many people believe that
immersion will guarantee fluency; yet you may well know several
immigrants who have been in this country for years and still only
speak broken English. You might also know dozens of expats in
various countries across the world who have failed to pick up the
local languages of their host countries. Training and effort are both
necessary.

        Though not a guarantee of fluency, immersion is a wonderful
opportunity. The first issue we need to address with respect to
refugees is ensuring that those who come will actually be immersed.
That is, that they will be welcomed as part of larger communities, and
not simply join communities of other refugees. On the other hand,
immersion is just an opportunity, and in order to take full advantage of
it, training and education are required. In terms of refugees, we need
to consider options for the provision of language training, whether by
self-study, classroom instruction, private tuition, or some combination
of the three.        

       The array of needs is staggering. In truth, every language
learner has a different set of learning objectives, and will require
different training to meet those objectives. Coordinating the actual
needs with providers in different regions and accounting for different
personal schedules and start dates is a significant challenge. It is,
however, a challenge that must be addressed immediately, as
proficiency in English will be a key enabler of success for refugees in
this country.

(Adapted from Aaron Ralby http://www.blogs.jbs.cam.ac.uk/
socialinnovation/2015/11/16/)

Questão 18

What is the best definition for false cognates

Questão 19

Read the sentences below.

I. The team of astronauts had the potential to execute the experiments.
II. The university library will be closed until the end of the week.
III. The results of the experiments are different.

The sentence(s) in which the underlined word is a false cognate is(are)

Questão 20

Read the text below and answer the questions that follow:

Text 1:

At the Airport

Laura is at the airport. She waits for her flight. Her flight is to Berlin, and it is 4 hours away. Laura walks around the airport and looks at the shops. She has a nice time.

After an hour she wants to visit the bathroom. She searches for it, but she doesn’t find it. “Where is the bathroom?” she asks herself. She looks and looks but she can’t find it. She starts asking people where it is.

Laura: “Excuse me sir, could you please tell mewhere is the bathroom?”
Man: “Youmean the restroom, right?”
Laura: “No, Imean the bathroom.”
Man: “Well, the restroom is over there.” He says andwalks away.

Laura doesn’t understand. She asks a lady: “Excusememadam, could you please tellmewhere is the bathroom?”

“The restroom is over there,” the lady answers andwalks away.

Laura is confused. “What’s their problem? I need to use the bathroomand they sendme to rest?! I don’t need a restroom, I need the bathroom!”

After a while Laura gives up. She feels tired of all this walking and asking. She decides that maybe they are all right and she does need to rest. She walks to the restroom. Now she is surprised. She realizes the restroom is actually the name for a public bathroom!

(Taken from: < www.really-learn-english.com>)

In the sentence: “She realizes the restroomis actually the name for a public bathroom” the words REALIZES and ACTUALLY mean, respectively: