Questões Sobre Sinônimos | Synonyms - Inglês - concurso

Questão 41

1               The difficulty for health policy makers the world overis
         this: it is simply not possible to promote healthier lifestyles
         through presidential decree or through being overprotective
4       towards people and the way they choose to live. Recent history
         has proved that one-size-fits-all solutions are no good when
         public health challenges vary from one area of the country to
7       the next. But we cannot sit back while, in spite of all this, so
        many people are suffering such severe lifestyle-driven ill health
       and such acute health inequalities.
   
        Internet: <www.gov.uk> (adapted).

In the text above,

the expression “in spite of all this” (l.7) could be replaced correctly by despite of all this

Questão 42

1               The difficulty for health policy makers the world overis
         this: it is simply not possible to promote healthier lifestyles
         through presidential decree or through being overprotective
4       towards people and the way they choose to live. Recent history
         has proved that one-size-fits-all solutions are no good when
         public health challenges vary from one area of the country to
7       the next. But we cannot sit back while, in spite of all this, so
        many people are suffering such severe lifestyle-driven ill health
       and such acute health inequalities.
   
        Internet: <www.gov.uk> (adapted).

In the text above,

the adjective “one-size-fits-all” (l.5) means long-term and drastic

Questão 43

Why Is Spain Really Taking Lionel Messi to Tax Court?

By Jonathan Mahler Sep 27, 2013
So Spain has decided to haul Lionel Messi into court for tax evasion, which strikes me as completely insane on pretty much every level.
You may remember the story from a few months back: The greatest soccer player in the world and his father were accused of setting up
a bunch of shell companies in Belize and Uruguay to avoid paying taxes on royalties and other licensing income.

Messi – who makes an estimated $41 million a year, about half from sponsors – reached a settlement with Spain’s tax authorities earlier
this summer, agreeing to pay the amount he apparently owed, plus interest. The matter was settled, or so it seemed. Messi could go
back to dazzling the world with his athleticism and creativity.
Only it turns out that Spain wasn’t quite done with Messi. His adopted country – Messi is Argentine but became a Spanish citizen in 2005
– is now considering pressing criminal charges against him.
Cracking down on tax-evading footballers has become something of a trend in Europe, where players and clubs have been known to
launder money through “image-rights companies” often set up in tax havens. When you need money – and Europe needs money – go to
the people who have it, or something like that. Over the summer, dozens of Italian soccer clubs were raided as part of an investigation
into a tax-fraud conspiracy. A number of English Premier League clubs were forced last year to pay millions of pounds in back taxes.
No one likes a tax cheat, and there’s little doubt that widespread tax fraud has helped eat away at the social safety net in Spain and
elsewhere, depriving schools, hospitals and other institutions of badly needed funds. But Europe is not going to find the answers to its
financial problems in the pockets of some professional soccer players and clubs.
Messi’s defense, delivered by his father, seems credible enough to me. “He is a footballer and that’s it,” Messi’s father Jorge said of his
soccer-prodigy son. “If there was an error, it was by our financial adviser. He created the company. My mistake was to have trusted the
adviser.” Even if Messi is legally responsible for the intricate tax dodge he is accused of having participated in, it’s pretty hard to believe
that he knew much about it.
More to the point, Lionel Messi is probably Spain’s most valuable global asset. What could possibly motivate the Spanish government to
want to tarnish his reputation, especially after he’s paid off his alleged debt? After four years of Great-Depression level unemployment,
have anxiety and despair curdled into vindictiveness?
Here’s another explanation: Maybe this whole case has less to do with money than it does with history. Maybe it’s no coincidence that
the target of the Spanish government’s weird wrath happens to play for FC Barcelona, which is, after all, “mes que un club.” It’s a symbol
of Catalan nationalism – and a bitter, longtime rival of Spain’s establishment team, Real Madrid.
Too conspiratorial? Prove it, Spain. Release Cristiano Ronaldo’s tax return.

(Adapted form http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-09-27/why-is-spain-really-taking-lionel-messi-to-tax-court-.html)

A synonym for badly, as it is used in the text, is

Questão 44

Read the text page “Leading jockey Craig Williams says he will hold Dunaden in higher regard than three-time Melbourne Cup champion mare Makybe Diva if the French raider can carry his hefty weight to back-to-back Melbourne Cups at Flemington today”.
The alternative that brings the best synonym to the bold underlined word is

Questão 45

No texto, o termo aware tem o significado de:

Questão 46

The meaning of overlook in the passage is:

Questão 47

Leia o texto para responder a questão.

DIET DRINKS “LINK TO DEPRESSION” QUESTIONED

Experts are questioning whether diet drinks could raise
depression risk, after a large study has found a link.

    The US research in more than 250,000 people found
depression was more common among frequent consumers
of artificially sweetened beverages. The work, which will be
presented at the American Academy of Neurology’s annual
meeting, did not look at the cause for this link.

    Drinking coffee was linked with a lower risk of depression.

    People who drank four cups a day were 10% less likely to
be diagnosed with depression during the 10-year study period
than those who drank no coffee. But those who drank four cans
or glasses of diet fizzy drinks or artificially sweetened juice a
day increased their risk of depression by about a third. Lead
researcher Dr Honglei Chen, of the National Institutes of Health
in North Carolina, said: “Our research suggests that cutting
out or down on sweetened diet drinks or replacing them with
unsweetened coffee may naturally help lower your depression
risk.”

    But he said more studies were needed to explore this. There
are many other factors that may be involved. And the findings
– in people in their 50s, 60s, 70s and 80s and living in the US –
might not apply to other populations. The safety of sweeteners,
like aspartame, has been extensively tested by scientists and is
assured by regulators.

    Gaynor Bussell, of the British Dietetic Association, said:
“Sweeteners used to be called ‘artificial’ sweeteners and
unfortunately the term ‘artificial’ has evoked suspicion. As a
result, sweeteners have been very widely tested and reviewed
for safety and the ones on the market have an excellent safety
track record. However, the studies on them continue and this one
has thrown up a possibly link – not a cause and effect – with
depression.”

(http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-20943509.09.01.2013. Adaptado)

O termo likely em – People who drank four cups a day were 10% less likely to be diagnosed with depression during the 10-year study period than those who drank no coffee. – transmite a ideia de

Questão 48

Leia o texto para responder a questão.

DIET DRINKS “LINK TO DEPRESSION” QUESTIONED

Experts are questioning whether diet drinks could raise
depression risk, after a large study has found a link.

    The US research in more than 250,000 people found
depression was more common among frequent consumers
of artificially sweetened beverages. The work, which will be
presented at the American Academy of Neurology’s annual
meeting, did not look at the cause for this link.

    Drinking coffee was linked with a lower risk of depression.

    People who drank four cups a day were 10% less likely to
be diagnosed with depression during the 10-year study period
than those who drank no coffee. But those who drank four cans
or glasses of diet fizzy drinks or artificially sweetened juice a
day increased their risk of depression by about a third. Lead
researcher Dr Honglei Chen, of the National Institutes of Health
in North Carolina, said: “Our research suggests that cutting
out or down on sweetened diet drinks or replacing them with
unsweetened coffee may naturally help lower your depression
risk.”

    But he said more studies were needed to explore this. There
are many other factors that may be involved. And the findings
– in people in their 50s, 60s, 70s and 80s and living in the US –
might not apply to other populations. The safety of sweeteners,
like aspartame, has been extensively tested by scientists and is
assured by regulators.

    Gaynor Bussell, of the British Dietetic Association, said:
“Sweeteners used to be called ‘artificial’ sweeteners and
unfortunately the term ‘artificial’ has evoked suspicion. As a
result, sweeteners have been very widely tested and reviewed
for safety and the ones on the market have an excellent safety
track record. However, the studies on them continue and this one
has thrown up a possibly link – not a cause and effect – with
depression.”

(http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-20943509.09.01.2013. Adaptado)

The term “whether” in – Experts are questioning whether diet drinks could raise depression risk, after a large study has found a link. – introduces

Questão 49

Read the text and answer questions 19), 20), 21), 22), 23) and 24).

Lawsuits claim Knoedler made huge profits on fakes

For more than a dozen years the Upper East Side gallery
Knoedler & Company was “substantially dependent” on profits
it made from selling a mysterious collection of artwork that is at
the center of a federal forgery investigation, former clients of
this former gallery have charged in court papers.
The analysis is based on financial records turned over as
part of a lawsuit against the gallery filed by Domenico and
Eleanore De Sole, who in 2004 paid $8.3 million for a painting
attributed to Mark Rothko that they now say is a worthless fake.
The Rothko is one of approximately 40 works that Knoedler,
which closed last year, obtained from Glafira Rosales, a littleknown
dealer whose collection of works attributed to Modernist
masters has no documented provenance and is the subject of
an F.B.I. investigation.
Between 1996 and 2008, the suit asserts, Knoedler earned
approximately $60 million from works that Ms. Rosales provided
on consignment or sold outright to the gallery and cleared $40
million in profits. In one year, 2002, for example, the complaint
says the gallery’s entire profit — $5.6 million — was derived
from the sale of Ms. Rosales’s works.
“Knoedler’s viability as a business was substantially —
and, in some years, almost entirely — dependent on sales from
the Rosales Collection,” the De Soles claimed last month in an
amended version of the suit they filed this year.
While the forgery allegations are well known and have
been the subject of three federal lawsuits against Knoedler, the
recent filings expand the known number of Rosales artworks
that were handled by the gallery, which was in business for 165
years, and assert that they played a pivotal role in the gallery’s
success. After the F.B.I. issued subpoenas to the gallery in the
fall of 2009, Michael Hammer, Knoedler’s owner, halted the sale
of any Rosales works. Knoedler ended up losing money that
year and in 2010, the court papers say.
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/22/arts/design/knoe… 

Questão 50

Read the text and answer questions 19), 20), 21), 22), 23) and 24).

Lawsuits claim Knoedler made huge profits on fakes

For more than a dozen years the Upper East Side gallery
Knoedler & Company was “substantially dependent” on profits
it made from selling a mysterious collection of artwork that is at
the center of a federal forgery investigation, former clients of
this former gallery have charged in court papers.
The analysis is based on financial records turned over as
part of a lawsuit against the gallery filed by Domenico and
Eleanore De Sole, who in 2004 paid $8.3 million for a painting
attributed to Mark Rothko that they now say is a worthless fake.
The Rothko is one of approximately 40 works that Knoedler,
which closed last year, obtained from Glafira Rosales, a littleknown
dealer whose collection of works attributed to Modernist
masters has no documented provenance and is the subject of
an F.B.I. investigation.
Between 1996 and 2008, the suit asserts, Knoedler earned
approximately $60 million from works that Ms. Rosales provided
on consignment or sold outright to the gallery and cleared $40
million in profits. In one year, 2002, for example, the complaint
says the gallery’s entire profit — $5.6 million — was derived
from the sale of Ms. Rosales’s works.
“Knoedler’s viability as a business was substantially —
and, in some years, almost entirely — dependent on sales from
the Rosales Collection,” the De Soles claimed last month in an
amended version of the suit they filed this year.
While the forgery allegations are well known and have
been the subject of three federal lawsuits against Knoedler, the
recent filings expand the known number of Rosales artworks
that were handled by the gallery, which was in business for 165
years, and assert that they played a pivotal role in the gallery’s
success. After the F.B.I. issued subpoenas to the gallery in the
fall of 2009, Michael Hammer, Knoedler’s owner, halted the sale
of any Rosales works. Knoedler ended up losing money that
year and in 2010, the court papers say.
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/22/arts/design/knoe…